In 2004, barely a month into my new job at Amazon, I got the opportunity to pick an intern to join my team. I had an advantage over my colleagues: I had already heard about a brilliant young man working toward his PhD at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam (where I happened to have received mine as well :-)). I immediately picked Swaminathan Sivasubramanian, whom you all now know as Swami. It was probably one of the best decisions I have made in my 22 years as Amazon’s CTO.

After a disastrous Christmas in 2004, when commercial relational databases could not scale to Amazon’s needs, I asked Swami to do a deep dive into how relational databases were actually used at Amazon. It turned out that 70% of database operations were not relational at all. They were key-value. That insight led to Dynamo, which Swami helped architect. When his internship was over, I hired him full-time right away, even before he had finished his PhD.