Since July, US frontier AI labs and other AI leaders have revealed a string of incidents in which their models accessed external computer systems without authorization, events popularly described as AI agents “going rogue.”

The most well-known and studied of these incidents is OpenAI’s hack into Hugging Face, which OpenAI initially characterized as “an unprecedented cyber incident, involving state-of-the-art cyber capabilities,” and later said was due to “misaligned behavior,” or behavior its creators did not intend.

Following news of the Hugging Face incident, Anthropic revealed that one of its models gained unauthorized access to the production infrastructure of three organizations; Meta said one of its AI models hacked another company ​during cybersecurity testing; and Google confessed that its Gemini model carried out three “undirected computer hacks.”