I have just returned from Harvard Medical School’s Leadership in Medicine: Asia Pacific (LIM AP) programme, which ran two tracks: clinical leadership and faculty development.

Much of what I heard in both applies directly to Malaysian hospitals and clinics, which are under strain and struggling to keep the young doctors they train.

Hospital policies describe “work as imagined”. The faculty showed us research on “work as done”. In one Australian observational study, emergency physicians were interrupted 7.9 times an hour, rising to 9.4 an hour while prescribing.

An interruption mid-prescription almost tripled the error rate, and below-average sleep was linked to a far larger rise.