The doctor says, “Uncle, you need to stop smoking.” Uncle nods respectfully. Outside the clinic, he announces: “Doctor advised only. He didn’t say cannot.”

Auntie sighs. The children roll their eyes. Someone reminds him that changing the subject does not count as changing his lifestyle.

Malaysia’s nicotine debate raises a similar question: what happens when health advice is heard, but does not determine the decision?

Malaysia’s Poisons Board is not a room full of doctors. Its published 12-member roster includes these different voices: