Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume has said at an event alongside the Paris motor show that Europe’s mass-market carmakers are under “enormous pressure” from Chinese competition and a changing market, Reuters reports.

“We cannot build our future on ​export profits alone. Our European businesses must be profitable, resilient ​and competitive. We must secure Europe’s industrial base,” he said, adding that Volkswagen, Stellantis and Renault – which together account for over 60% of European car production – face increasing pressure to make affordable EVs while keeping costs in check.

The aforementioned carmakers are predominantly in the high-volume, thin-margin mass market. “This business model is ⁠under ​enormous pressure in Europe,” Blume said, calling for more flexible regulation and local manufacturing incentives to support the industry.