OCTOBER 22 — National security is no longer determined exclusively by the number of soldiers, fighter jets, naval vessels or missile systems that a country possesses.

Increasingly, it is shaped by something far less visible: the digital footprints of its political leaders, military commanders and strategic decision-makers.

The concerns of Malaysia’s National Cyber Security Committee over geolocation-enabled devices must therefore be taken seriously. What appears to be an ordinary smartphone, smartwatch, fitness tracker or location-sharing application can become a potential vulnerability in the national security architecture.

This is especially dangerous in an era when artificial intelligence (AI) can process enormous volumes of information, identify patterns of movement and assist military planners in determining the whereabouts of high-value individuals.