LETTER: Energy security is the primary framework for evaluating nuclear energy. Strategically, energy security encompasses a nation's ability to maintain reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy supplies, minimise vulnerability to external disruptions, and ensure sufficient capacity to meet future demand.

Malaysia faces several vulnerabilities. Coal imports make up a large share of electricity generation, and domestic oil and gas reserves are declining.

In 2023, over 55 per cent of electricity came from coal and natural gas, exposing the country to global fuel price fluctuations and supply chain risks.

As oil and gas fields mature, extraction will become costlier and less competitive.